雷达的磁控管（Magnetron）是雷达收发讯机内的发射部分，它产生超高频的电磁波，通过天线发射出去。磁控管是一种消耗品（有使用寿命）、易老化和消磁。船上应定期检测雷达磁控管性能（通过PM test），当磁控管的性能下降或者超过规定的使用时间，及时更换，以免影响雷达的探测能力。

磁控管的更换，通常由岸基专业的维修人员更换。而疫情期间，维修人员登轮非常的麻烦，无法到船上维修更换。近期，公司二副张伟滨所在的船舶需要更换磁控管，通过自己查阅说明书，及厦门泛海其他船员交流经验，及厂家工程师提供的资料，成功更换JRC型号的雷达磁控管，总结步骤及要点如下：

一、磁控管在哪里？长什么样？
磁控管一般在雷达天线下的SCAN UNIT中，如下图↓

磁控管，如下图↓


二、收到磁控管配件时候注意事项
1. 避免对磁控管直接的震动和碰撞，震动和碰撞会损伤磁控管内部器件。
2．不要拉拔引线，这样可以避免对输入部分的损坏。
3. 避免任何带有磁性材料的物品接触磁控管，因为这样会使磁场强度变弱影响性能。
当磁控管从包装盒里取出以后，请不要储藏或放在金属材料的台子上或者接近带有磁性或带有传导性材料的地方。

三、磁控管更换前，准备工作
1.先开机运行，观察回波状况并拍照，以便和更换磁控管后作对比。

2.切断电源。先在雷达面板上关机，再将航海仪器配电板上的雷达电源切断，并挂上禁止使用标识牌。

注意：当更换磁控管时，确保关闭主电源，并等待5分钟以上，让高压电流释放殆尽。防止某些元器件，在断电后，依旧带电，导致更换失败或者触电。


 

3.根据说明书，准备好拆卸工具。

4.不要戴手表，对讲机（VHF）等内含磁性部件的物品，磁控管带有强磁性，可能会损坏手表，或者磁性与对讲机相互影响。不要用螺丝刀接触磁控管的磁铁部分。
5.爬上桅杆，把天线的维修安全开关打到OFF位置。

6.上桅杆，把天线头打开按附图顺序更换。

四、磁控管更换过程（S波段雷达（大）型号：JMA-9132-SA 磁控管型号：M1555）
1.拆开SCANT UNIT 保护罩。

2. 拆卸绿/黄两根接线，（可用手机拍照，记录线头接线位置，避免接错）。

3. 拆卸磁控管底座8个M6螺丝（注意，螺丝不要掉落）


4. 小心卸下磁控管

5.换上新的磁控管，注意接对线头，拧紧螺丝，保持良好接触。

6.装回保护罩。（注意密封圈干净密封，对角上紧扭力120-150kgf/cm2，注意水密避免进水）

7.X波段更换与S波段更换类似，具体如下图。



五、磁控管更换后操作：
1. 接通电源，开机处于STBY状态，不要发射。给予充足的预热时间（大概20-30分钟）, 然后再发射检查回波情况。

2. 更换完磁控管后，根据说明书，进行相关设置。
（回波良好，一般不用做初始化设置，唯一要做的是磁控管发射时间，调0处理，具体不同型号，根据说明书进行操作）

7.1.1 How to Open the Serviceman Menu（Service Man Menu）Procedures
   1)Hold down the Main button at the lower right of the display together with the left key.
  　 The Code Input menu will appear.
   2)Left-click the 0 button.
   3)Left-click the ENT button.

  7.1.2 Tuning (Tune Adjustment)Adjust the tuning control for the transmitter and receiver.The turning control should be adjusted when the system is installed or when the magnetron is replaced.Procedures
1)Set a range of 48 NM or more.
2)Open the Serviceman Menu.
  3)Perform the following menu open procedure to open the Tune Adjustment menu.
       1.Adjust Menu→
       1.Tune Adjustmenu
    4)Adjust the tune adjustment value so that the tune indicator bar at the upper left of the display is maximized.
For inputs to the value input screen, refer to Section 3.3.4.3 "Increasing or decreasing anumeric value".
5)Move the cursor onto the ENT button, and left-click .

7.1.3.1 Tune Indicator Adjustment)
Set the scale mark when the tune indicator bar reaches the maximum point.Procedures
1)Set a range of 48 NM or more.
2)Open the Serviceman Menu.
    3)Perform the following menu open procedure to open the Tune Indicator Adjust menu. 
       1.Adjust Menu →
       4.TXRX Adjustmenu→3. Tune Indicator Adjust
4)Adjust the tune indicator adjustment value by operating the  +  / - button so that the tune indicator bar at the upper left of the display reaches a point of 80 to 90% of the maximum.For inputs to the value input screen, refer to Section 3.3.4.3 "Increasing or decreasing a numeric value".
5)Move the cursor onto the ENT button, and left-click .

  7.1.3.2 Tune Peak AdjustmentAdjust the tune indicator and echo peak.Procedures
1)Set a range of 48 NM or more.
2)Open the Serviceman Menu.
    3)Perform the following menu open procedure to open the Tune Peak Adjustment menu.
       1.Adjust Menu →
       4.TXRX Adjustmenu→2. Tune Peak Adjustment
    4)Adjust the tune peak adjustment value by operating the   +  / -  button so that the tune indicator bar at the upper left of the display is maximized.For inputs to the value input screen, refer to Section 3.3.4.3 "Increasing or decreasing a numeric value".
5)Move the cursor onto the ENT button, and left-click.

  7.1.4 Bearing Adjustment
Make adjustment so that the bearing of the target measured with the ship’s compass matches the bearing of the target echo on the radar display.Procedures
1)Select H UP for the bearing presentation. Set video processing (PROC) to PROC off
2)Measure the bearing of an adequate target (e.g., a ship at anchor, a breakwater, or a buoy) relative to own ship's heading.
  3)Open the Serviceman Menu.
    4)Perform the following menu open procedure to open the Bearing Adjustment menu.　 
      1.Adjust Menu→
      1.Bearing Adjustmenu
For inputs to the value input screen, refer to Section 3.3.4.3 "Increasing or decreasing a numeric value".Make adjustment by the 0.1°.
5)Adjust the bearing adjustment value by operating the   +  / -  button so that the target measured in step 2) is adjusted to the correct bearing.
6)Left-click the ENT button to determine the value.

  7.1.5Range Adjustment
Make adjustment so that the range of a target on the radar display is shown correctly.Procedures
1)Search the radar display for a target of which range is already known.
  2)Open the Serviceman Menu.
    3)Perform the following menu open procedure to open the Range Adjustment menu.
       1.Adjust Menu→
       1.Range Adjustmenu
For inputs to the value input screen, refer to Section 3.3.4.3 "Increasing or decreasing a numeric value".4)Adjust the range adjustment value by operating the   +  / -  button so that the target measured in step 1) falls in the correct range.
5)Left-click the ENT button to determine the value.

零件使用寿命一览表